![]() Recently, advanced methods such as Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), feedback linearization, Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) and Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) have been widely used in articles. Due to the nonlinearity of the system, the presence of uncertainty as well as disturbances, classical linear control methods are not effective for DC/DC converters. To achieve greater efficiency for conversion of power from the fuel cell stack to the load, many control techniques have been used to operate the system at maximum power point. ![]() The converters control the DC output voltage thorough pulse width modulation (PWM) switching technique. There are various topologies in the use of converters, the most popular of which are buck converters which step down voltage, boost converters that step up voltage, and other types of buck-boost and Cuk converters. One of the most common structures for converting the output power of a fuel cell into a suitable one is the use of DC/DC converters. The PEM is the most widely used fuel cell type in transportation, vehicles and distributed power generation due to its high power density, low operating temperature and high conversion efficiency. This technology is a safe, clean and efficient energy source that has a long life and costs much less than other fuel cell technologies. One of the most important technologies for the production of renewable energy is fuel cells that operate on the principle of electrochemistry, and one of the most common types is the proton- exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell. Renewable energy is clean, abundant and reliable, and if properly developed, can play an important role as a source of sustainable energy in mitigating climate change. The energy area is a major driver of greenhouse gases and global warming, and change in the energy system is seen as a key to achieve a cleaner and safer future. SNIP takes into account characteristics of the source's subject field, which is the set of documents citing that source.Įfforts to prevent destructive climate change will lead to changes in the energy sector and achieving global goals in this field will be possible by improving low-carbon energy technologies and especially by using renewable energy. It helps you make a direct comparison of sources in different subject fields. SNIP measures a source’s contextual citation impact by weighting citations based on the total number of citations in a subject field. Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) 2021: 0.291 ℹ Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP): SJR is a measure of scientific influence of journals that accounts for both the number of citations received by a journal and the importance or prestige of the journals where such citations come from It measures the scientific influence of the average article in a journal, it expresses how central to the global scientific discussion an average article of the journal is. It is based on the idea that 'all citations are not created equal'. The SJR is a size-independent prestige indicator that ranks journals by their 'average prestige per article'. SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) 2021: 0.204 ℹ SCImago Journal Rank (SJR): The Journal Impact Factor is the average number of times articles from the journal published in the past two years have been cited in the Journal Citation Reports year.ĬiteScore is the number of citations received by a journal in one year to documents published in the three previous years, divided by the number of documents indexed in Scopus published in those same three years. The Impact Factor itself is based only on Web of Science Core Collection citation data from the last three years and thus reflects only recent impact. This is calculated differently from the Journal Impact Factor, so it is not simply an average of the Impact Factors in the time period. Thus, the impact factor of a journal is calculated by dividing the number of current year citations to the source items published in that journal during the previous two years.ĥ-Year Impact Factor: 1.022 ℹ 5-Year Impact Factor:Ī 5-Year Impact Factor shows the long-term citation trend for a journal. The annual JCR impact factor is a ratio between citations and recent citable items published. The impact factor is one of these it is a measure of the frequency with which the “average article” in a journal has been cited in a particular year or period. The JCR provides quantitative tools for ranking, evaluating, categorizing, and comparing journals. Impact Factor (JCR) 2021: 1.316 ℹ Impact Factor (JCR):
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